@article{jbph2026_rokibuzzaman44,
  author    = {Md. Rokibuzzaman and Md. Jahidul Islam and Md. Bashir Ahmed and Sibdas Ghosh and Md. Azizul Haque},
  title     = {Bio-Organic Fertilizer as a Sustainable Substitute for Inorganic Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers Improves Rice Yield in Coastal Area of Bangladesh},
  journal   = {Journal of Biosciences and Public Health},
  year      = {2026},
  volume    = {2},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {238-250},
  doi       = {10.5455/JBPH.2026.10},
  issn      = {3104-8749},
  publisher = {4Green Research Society},
  language  = {English},
  keywords  = {Bio-organic fertilizer, Soil biodiversity, Soil microbial activity, Phosphorus-free fertilization, Sustainable agriculture, cost effective cultivation, Soil fertility},
  abstract  = {Calcareous soils in coastal lowland regions are typically deficient in nitrogen (N) and available phosphorus (P). Moreover, these agro-ecosystems are regularly affected by tidal activities. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of bio-organic fertilizer application without inorganic phosphorus and with a 30% reduction in nitrogen on the yield and yield attributes of rice in a coastal area of Bangladesh. A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and three replications. Each plot measured 20 m² with a spacing of 20 cm × 20 cm. The treatments included: T1 = 100% chemical fertilizer (control); T2 = 70% N without inorganic P + recommended fertilizers; T3 = 70% N without inorganic P + K and S + bio-organic fertilizer at 500 kg ha⁻¹; T4 = similar to T3 with bio-organic fertilizer at 750 kg ha⁻¹; and T5 = similar to T3 with bio-organic fertilizer at 1000 kg ha⁻¹. Results demonstrated that bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved growth and yield attributes. Treatment T4 produced the highest effective yield (6.66 MT ha⁻¹), representing an 11.09% increase over the control. Although T5 showed the highest numerical yield, T4 was identified as the optimal treatment due to its comparable productivity at a lower input cost and the highest benefit-cost ratio. The findings suggest that integrating bio-organic fertilizer at 750 kg ha⁻¹ can effectively replace inorganic phosphorus and reduce nitrogen use by 30% without compromising yield. This strategy improves soil biological activity and supports sustainable nutrient management. Overall, the approach offers a cost-effective and environmental solution for rice cultivation in Bangladesh and similar agroecological systems.},
  url       = {https://www.jbph.org/article/details/bio-organic-fertilizer-as-a-sustainable-substitute-for-inorganic-nitrogen-and-phosphorus-fertilizers-improves-rice-yield-in-coastal-area-of-bangladesh}
}