%0 Journal Article
%A Rusmiati, Rusmiati
%A Boy, Hendry
%A Riyadi, Slamet
%T Effectiveness of a Mobile Health Intervention Combining Oral Health Education and Daily Monitoring to Improve Parental Knowledge and Toothbrushing Skills in Children with Intellectual Disabilities
%J Journal of Biosciences and Public Health
%D 2026
%V 2
%N 4
%P 313-326
%R 10.5455/JBPH.2026.15
%U https://www.jbph.org/article/details/effectiveness-of-a-mobile-health-intervention-combining-oral-health-education-and-daily-monitoring-to-improve-parental-knowledge-and-toothbrushing-skills-in-children-with-intellectual-disabilities
%X Children with intellectual disabilities require continuous parental assistance to maintain proper oral hygiene because of their cognitive and adaptive limitations. However, educational approaches that combine oral health education with behavioral monitoring remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an Android-based Toothbrushing Monitoring Calendar application in improving parents' toothbrushing knowledge and children's toothbrushing skills. A quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group pretest–posttest design was conducted among 80 parent–child pairs, consisting of 40 participants in the intervention group and 40 participants in the control group. The intervention group received oral health educational materials, reminder notifications, and daily monitoring for four weeks, whereas the control group received conventional oral health education. Data were analyzed using paired-samples t-test, independent-samples t-test, and Cohen's d with a significance level of 0.05. Parents' knowledge scores in the intervention group increased from 8.95 ± 1.280 to 11.93 ± 0.267 (p < 0.001), whereas the control group improved from 8.40 ± 1.630 to 9.13 ± 1.305 (p < 0.001). Children's toothbrushing skills increased from 5.00 ± 1.410 to 11.50 ± 1.080 in the intervention group, while the control group showed only a slight improvement from 5.63 ± 1.520 to 5.95 ± 1.430. The improvements in parents' knowledge (Δ = 2.98 vs 0.73; p < 0.001) and children's toothbrushing skills (Δ = 6.50 vs 0.32; p < 0.001) were significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group. The intervention also demonstrated large effect sizes for parents' knowledge (Cohen's d = 2.27) and children's toothbrushing skills (Cohen's d = 3.82). These findings indicate that the Android-based Toothbrushing Monitoring Calendar application is an effective digital oral health education tool for improving parental knowledge and enhancing toothbrushing skills among children with intellectual disabilities through continuous education, and parental monitoring.
%K Android application; children with intellectual disabilities; oral health education; parental knowledge; toothbrushing skills
%@ 3104-8749
%I 4Green Research Society
%G English